Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Sung-Il Cho

22 Articles

Epidemiological Model for Conventional Tobacco Control Measures and Tobacco Endgame Policies: Heewon Kang, Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):481-484. Published online September 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.239

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Epidemiological models, also known as host-agent-vector-environment models, are utilized in public health to gain insights into disease occurrence and to formulate intervention strategies. In this paper, we propose an epidemiological model that incorporates both conventional measures and tobacco endgame policies. Our model suggests that conventional measures focus on relationships among agent-vector-host-environment components, whereas endgame policies inherently aim to change or eliminate those components at a fundamental level. We also found that the vector (tobacco industry) and environment (physical and social surroundings) components were insufficiently researched or controlled by both conventional measures and tobacco endgame policies. The use of an epidemiological model for tobacco control and the tobacco endgame is recommended to identify areas that require greater effort and to develop effective intervention measures.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 기존의 담배규제와 관련된 역학 모형을 확장하여 담배 수요를 줄이기 위한 조치인 MPOWER 정책과 담배 종결전의 주요 정책을 아우르는 개념적 모형을 제시하였다. 각 정책을 개념적 모형 내 배치한 결과, MPOWER 정책은 모형 내 구성요소 간의 연결을 끊는 것을 목표로 하는 반면, 종결전 정책은 모형 내 요소들을 영구적으로 변화시키거나 제거하려는 특성을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 담배규제정책이 개체, 병원체, 벡터 및 환경 요소에 대한 균형 잡힌 포트폴리오를 갖추고 있는지 평가하기 위해 이 개념적 모형을 활용할 수 있다.

Key Message
We extended the conceptual epidemiological model for tobacco control by incorporating measures to reduce the demand for tobacco (MPOWER measures) and key endgame policies. The model suggests that MPOWER measures focus on disconnecting the relationships between model components, while endgame policies aim to permanently change or eliminate the components themselves. This model can be used to examine whether a country or jurisdiction's tobacco control policy maintains a balanced portfolio across agent, host, vector, and environmental factors.

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Public support for tobacco endgame policies in South Korea: Findings from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Korea Survey
Heewon Kang, Wonjeong Yoon, Hong Gwan Seo, Sungkyu Lee, Sujin Lim, Gil-yong Kim, Su Young Kim, Steve S Xu, Mi Yan, Anne C K Quah, Janet Chung-Hall, Lorraine V Craig, Coral E Gartner, Geoffrey T Fong, Sung-il Cho
Tobacco Control.2024; : tc-2023-058454. CrossRef
Decrease in household secondhand smoking among South Korean adolescents associated with smoke-free policies: grade-period-cohort and interrupted time series analyses
Hana Kim, Heewon Kang, Sung-il Cho
Epidemiology and Health.2023; : e2024009. CrossRef

Utilization of the Unlinked Case Proportion to Control COVID-19: A Focus on the Non-pharmaceutical Interventional Policies of the Korea and Japan: Yeri Jeong, Sanggu Kang, Boeun Kim, Yong Jin Gil, Seung-sik Hwang, Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(4):377-383. Published online June 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.056

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
Korea and Japan have managed the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using markedly different policies, referred to as the “3T” and “3C” strategies, respectively. This study examined these differences to assess the roles of active testing and contact tracing as non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We compared the proportion of unlinked cases (UCs) and test positivity rate (TPR) as indicators of tracing and testing capacities.
Methods
We outlined the evolution of NPI policies and investigated temporal trends in their correlations with UCs, confirmed cases, and TPR prior to the Omicron peak. Spearman correlation coefficients were reported between the proportion of UCs, confirmed cases, and TPR. The Fisher r-to-z transformation was employed to examine the significance of differences between correlation coefficients.
Results
The proportion of UCs was significantly correlated with confirmed cases (r=0.995, p<0.001) and TPR (r=0.659, p<0.001) in Korea and with confirmed cases (r=0.437, p<0.001) and TPR (r=0.429, p<0.001) in Japan. The Fisher r-to-z test revealed significant differences in correlation coefficients between the proportion of UCs and confirmed cases (z=16.07, p<0.001) and between the proportion of UCs and TPR (z=2.12, p=0.034) in Korea and Japan.
Conclusions
Higher UCs were associated with increases in confirmed cases and TPR, indicating the importance of combining testing and contact tracing in controlling COVID-19. The implementation of stricter policies led to stronger correlations between these indicators. The proportion of UCs and TPR effectively indicated the effectiveness of NPIs. If the proportion of UCs shows an upward trend, more testing and contact tracing may be required.; Summary

Korean summary
“3T”전략과 “3C”전략으로 대표되는 한국과 일본의 코로나 19 유행 시기의 NPI 정책을 비교하고, 접촉자 추적 및 검사 역량의 지표로 감염경로를 알 수 없는 확진자(unlinked case)와 검사 양성률(TPR)의 역할을 평가하였다. 감염경로를 알 수 없는 확진자(UC)는 전체 확진자수 증가 및 검사 양성률의 증가와 관련이 있었으며, 이는 COVID-19 통제에 있어 검사와 접촉자 추적을 적절히 조합하는 것이 중요함을 보여준다.

Our Valuable Contributors: Reviewers of 2022: Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):99-99. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.125

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Our Valuable Contributors: Reviewers of 2021: Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(2):115-115. Published online March 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.100

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Our Valuable Contributors: Reviewers of 2020: Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(2):85-85. Published online March 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.108

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Interpretation of the Basic and Effective Reproduction Number: Jun-Sik Lim, Sung-Il Cho, Sukhyun Ryu, Son-Il Pak; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(6):405-408. Published online October 20, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.288

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Abstract PDF

In epidemiology, the basic reproduction number (R0) is a term that describes the expected number of infections generated by 1 case in a susceptible population. At the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, R0 was frequently referenced by the public health community and the wider public. However, this metric is often misused or misinterpreted. Moreover, the complexity of the process of estimating R0 has caused difficulties for a substantial number of researchers. In this article, in order to increase the accessibility of this concept, we address several misconceptions related to the threshold characteristics of R0 and the effective reproduction number (Rt). Moreover, the appropriate interpretation of the metrics is discussed. R0 should be considered as a population-averaged value that pools the contact structure according to a stochastic transmission process. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand the unavoidable time lag for Rt due to the incubation period of the disease.

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A review on COVID-19 transmission, epidemiological features, prevention and vaccination
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A measure to estimate the risk of imported COVID-19 cases and its application for evaluating travel-related control measures
Heewon Kang, Kyung-Duk Min, Seonghee Jeon, Ju-Yeun Lee, Sung-il Cho
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Study on the interaction between different pathogens of Hand, foot and mouth disease in five regions of China
Zimei Yang, Jia Rui, Li Qi, Wenjing Ye, Yan Niu, Kaiwei Luo, Bin Deng, Shi Zhang, Shanshan Yu, Chan Liu, Peihua Li, Rui Wang, Hongjie Wei, Hesong Zhang, Lijin Huang, Simiao Zuo, Lexin Zhang, Shurui Zhang, Shiting Yang, Yichao Guo, Qinglong Zhao, Shenggen
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Transmission dynamics and control of two epidemic waves of SARS-CoV-2 in South Korea
Sukhyun Ryu, Sheikh Taslim Ali, Eunbi Noh, Dasom Kim, Eric H. Y. Lau, Benjamin J. Cowling
BMC Infectious Diseases.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Basic reproduction number of African swine fever in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and its spatiotemporal heterogeneity in South Korea
Jun-Sik Lim, Eutteum Kim, Pan-Dong Ryu, Son-Il Pak
Journal of Veterinary Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The detection of the epidemic phase of COVID-19 and the timing of social distancing policies in Korea
Woohyeon Kim
Public Health.2021; 201: 89. CrossRef

The Evolving Policy Debate on Border Closure in Korea: Su JIn Kang, Jihyun Moon, Heewon Kang, Heekyoung Nam, Sangwoo Tak, Sung-Il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):302-306. Published online September 11, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.213

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
In this paper, we aimed to investigate the evolving debate over border closure in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to address the main themes associated with border closure, and to discuss the factors that need to be considered when making such decisions.
Methods
We collated and reviewed previously conducted review studies on border closures during infectious disease outbreaks to derive relevant themes and factors.
Results
According to our systematic review on border closures and travel restrictions, the effects of such containment efforts are limited. We suggest considering the following factors when determining whether to impose border closure measures: (1) disease characteristics, (2) timeliness of implementation, (3) transmission delay and the basic reproduction number, (4) globalization and pandemics, and (5) social and economic costs.
Conclusions
Our assessment indicates that the effects of border closures are at best temporary and limited. Alternative measures must be contemplated and implemented to suppress the spread of COVID-19 in particular and infectious diseases more broadly.

Summary

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Schengen Borders as Lines that Continue to Separate? Media Representations of Pandemic Dimensions of Insecurity in Eastern German Border Regions to Poland
Nona Renner, Judith Miggelbrink, Kristine Beurskens, Antonia Zitterbart
Journal of Borderlands Studies.2022; 37(4): 825. CrossRef
Classification Schemes of COVID-19 High Risk Areas and Resulting Policies: A Rapid Review
Olalekan A. Uthman, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Sameh Al-Awlaqi, Johanna Hanefeld, Charbel El Bcheraoui
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A measure to estimate the risk of imported COVID-19 cases and its application for evaluating travel-related control measures
Heewon Kang, Kyung-Duk Min, Seonghee Jeon, Ju-Yeun Lee, Sung-il Cho
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Towards sustainable airport waste management through the adoption of a "green" airport strategy: The case of Incheon International Airport
Glenn Baxter
Clean Technologies and Recycling.2022; 2(4): 247. CrossRef
Pathways between COVID-19 public health responses and increasing overdose risks: A rapid review and conceptual framework
Tribesty Nguyen, Jane A. Buxton
International Journal of Drug Policy.2021; 93: 103236. CrossRef

Our Valuable Contributors: Reviewers of 2019: Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(2):72-72. Published online March 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.081

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Academic Community’s Efforts to Guide the Fight Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic in Korea: Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(2):65-66. Published online March 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.084

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In Silico Infection Analysis (iSFA) Identified Coronavirus Infection and Potential Transmission Risk in Mammals
Yanyan Zou, Xiaojian Cao, Bing Yang, Lulu Deng, Yangyang Xu, Shuang Dong, Wentao Li, Chengchao Wu, Gang Cao
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The roles of primary care doctors in the COVID-19 pandemic: consistency and influencing factors of doctor's perception and actions and nominal definitions
Chenbin Yang, Jiana Yin, Jiongjiong Liu, Jinying Liu, Qin Chen, Hui Yang, Yunchao Ni, Bingcan Li, Yanmei Li, Jin Lin, Ziwei Zhou, Zhangping Li
BMC Health Services Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness of negative pressure isolation stretcher and rooms for SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infection control and maintenance of South Korean emergency department capacity
Sang-Chul Kim, So Yeon Kong, Gwan-Jin Park, Ji-Han Lee, Joon-Kee Lee, Mou-Seop Lee, Heon Seok Han
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.2021; 45: 483. CrossRef
Mental Health of Physical Therapy Students in Clinical Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Survey in Gwangju and Jeollanam-do, South Korea
Se Ju Park, Seong Geun Yeo, Byeong Geun Kim
The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2021; 33(3): 131. CrossRef
Anxiety and Depression in Physical Therapists during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Survey in Gwangju, South Korea
Se-Ju Park, Ho-Jin Jeong, Byeong-Geun Kim
Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2021; 16(2): 23. CrossRef
Innovative countermeasures can maintain cancer care continuity during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic in Korea
Soohyeon Lee, Ah-reum Lim, Min Ja Kim, Yoon Ji Choi, Ju Won Kim, Kyong Hwa Park, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim
European Journal of Cancer.2020; 136: 69. CrossRef
The Evolving Policy Debate on Border Closure in Korea
SuJin Kang, Jihyun Moon, Heewon Kang, Heekyoung Nam, Sangwoo Tak, Sung-Il Cho
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2020; 53(5): 302. CrossRef

Our Valuable Contributors: Reviewers of 2018: Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(2):71-71. Published online March 29, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.054

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Our Valuable Contributors: Reviewers of 2017: Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(2):63-63. Published online March 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.060

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Concordance in the Health Behaviors of Couples by Age: A Cross-sectional Study: Seungmin Jeong, Sung-Il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(1):6-14. Published online November 27, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.137

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
To investigate concordance in the health behaviors of women and their partners according to age and to investigate whether there was a stronger correlation between the health behaviors of housewives and those of their partners than between the health behaviors of non-housewives and those of their partners.
Methods
We used data obtained from women participants in the 2015 Korea Community Health Survey who were living with their partners. The outcome variables were 4 health behaviors: smoking, drinking, eating salty food, and physical activity. The main independent variables were the partners’ corresponding health behaviors. We categorized age into 4 groups (19-29, 30-49, 50-64, and ≥ 65 years) and utilized multivariate logistic regression analysis, stratifying by age group. Another logistic regression analysis was stratified by whether the participant identified as a housewife.
Results
Data from 64 971 women older than 18 years of age were analyzed. Of the 4 health behaviors, the risk of smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.93 to 5.49) was highest when the participant’s partner was also a smoker. Similar results were found for an inactive lifestyle (aOR, 2.56; 95% CI, 2.45 to 2.66), eating salty food (aOR, 2.48; 95% CI, 2.36 to 2.62); and excessive drinking (aOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.80 to 1.98). In comparison to non-housewives, housewives had higher odds of eating salty food.
Conclusions
The health behaviors of women were positively correlated with those of their partners. The magnitude of the concordance differed by age group.

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Let’s Enjoy an Evening on the Couch? A Daily Life Investigation of Shared Problematic Behaviors in Three Couple Studies
Theresa Pauly, Janina Lüscher, Corina Berli, Christiane A. Hoppmann, Rachel A. Murphy, Maureen C. Ashe, Wolfgang Linden, Kenneth M. Madden, Denis Gerstorf, Urte Scholz
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Between- and Within-Couple Concordance for Health Behaviors Among Japanese Older Married Couples: Examining the Moderating Role of Working Time
Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, Shuichi Okada
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine.2024; 31(2): 215. CrossRef
The refusal of COVID-19 vaccination and its associated factors: a meta-analysis
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The refusal of COVID-19 vaccination and its associated factors: a systematic review
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Human height: a model common complex trait
Mitchell Conery, Struan F. A. Grant
Annals of Human Biology.2023; 50(1): 258. CrossRef
Evidence of correlations between human partners based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of 22 traits and UK Biobank analysis of 133 traits
Tanya B. Horwitz, Jared V. Balbona, Katie N. Paulich, Matthew C. Keller
Nature Human Behaviour.2023; 7(9): 1568. CrossRef
Similarities in cardiometabolic risk factors among random male-female pairs: a large observational study in Japan
Naoki Nakaya, Kumi Nakaya, Naho Tsuchiya, Toshimasa Sone, Mana Kogure, Rieko Hatanaka, Ikumi kanno, Hirohito Metoki, Taku Obara, Mami Ishikuro, Atsushi Hozawa, Shinichi Kuriyama
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A latent profile analysis of the link between sociocultural factors and health-related risk-taking among U.S. adults
Jessica K. Perrotte, Eric C. Shattuck, Colton L. Daniels, Xiaohe Xu, Thankam Sunil
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Spousal similarities in cardiometabolic risk factors: A cross-sectional comparison between Dutch and Japanese data from two large biobank studies
Naoki Nakaya, Tian Xie, Bart Scheerder, Naho Tsuchiya, Akira Narita, Tomohiro Nakamura, Hirohito Metoki, Taku Obara, Mami Ishikuro, Atsushi Hozawa, Harold Snieder, Shinichi Kuriyama
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Spousal Concordance in Dietary Behaviors and Metabolic Components, and Their Association: A Cross-Sectional Study
Dann-Pyng Shih, Chu-Ting Wen, Hsien-Wen Kuo, Wen-Miin Liang, Li-Fan Liu, Chien-Tien Su, Jong-Yi Wang
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Determinants of successful lifestyle change during a 6-month preconception lifestyle intervention in women with obesity and infertility
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European Journal of Nutrition.2019; 58(6): 2463. CrossRef

Our Valuable Contributors: Reviewers of 2016: Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(2):67-67. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.003

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Our Valuable Contributors: Reviewers of 2015: Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(2):79-79. Published online March 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.033

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A New Measure for Assessing the Public Health Response to a Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreak: Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(6):277-279. Published online November 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.069

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Abstract PDF

Contact monitoring is an essential component of the public health response to a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak, and is required for an effective quarantine to contain the epidemic. The timeliness of a quarantine is associated with its effectiveness. This paper provides a conceptual framework to describe the process of contact monitoring, and proposes a new measure called the “timely quarantined proportion” as a tool to assess the adequacy of a public health response.

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The relationship between moral sensitivity and caring behavior among nurses in iran during COVID-19 pandemic
Fatemeh Hajibabaee, Waliu Jawula Salisu, Elham Akhlaghi, Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani, Maryam Mohamadzadeh Nojeh Dehi, Shima Haghani
BMC Nursing.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Ethical Perspectives on the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Epidemic in Korea
Ock-Joo Kim
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2016; 49(1): 18. CrossRef

Factors Determining Children’s Private Health Insurance Enrolment and Healthcare Utilization Patterns: Evidence From the 2008 to 2011 Health Panel Data: Jawoon Shin, Tae-Jin Lee, Sung-il Cho, Seung Ah Choe; J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(6):319-329. Published online November 16, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.057

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Objectives
Parental socioeconomic status (SES) exerts a substantial influence on children’s health. The purpose of this study was to examine factors determining children’s private health insurance (PHI) enrolment and children’s healthcare utilization according to PHI coverage.
Methods
Korea Health Panel data from 2011 (n=3085) was used to explore the factors determining PHI enrolment in children younger than 15 years of age. A logit model contained health status and SES variables for both children and parents. A fixed effects model identified factors influencing healthcare utilization in children aged 10 years or younger, using 2008 to 2011 panel data (n=9084).
Results
The factors determining children’s PHI enrolment included children’s age and sex and parents’ educational status, employment status, and household income quintile. PHI exerted a significant effect on outpatient cost, inpatient cost, and number of admissions. Number of outpatient visits and total length of stay were not affected by PHI status. The interaction between PHI and age group increased outpatient cost significantly.
Conclusions
Children’s PHI enrolment was influenced by parents’ SES, while healthcare utilization was affected by health and disability status. Therefore, the results of this study suggest disparities in healthcare utilization according to PHI enrollment.

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Uptake and determinants of private health insurance enrollment in a country with heavily subsidised public healthcare: A cross-sectional survey in East Coast Malaysia
Mohd Adli Abd Khalim, Surianti Sukeri, Gopal Ashish Sharma
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Equity in the public social healthcare protection in Tanzania: does it matter on household healthcare financing?
Felician Andrew Kitole, Robert Michael Lihawa, Eliaza Mkuna
International Journal for Equity in Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Does health insurance solve health care utilization puzzle in Tanzania?
Felician Andrew Kitole, Robert Michael Lihawa, Thobias Edward Nsindagi, Felister Y. Tibamanya
Public Health.2023; 219: 91. CrossRef
Enrollment in Private Medical Insurance and Utilization of Medical Services Among Children and Adolescents: Data From the 2009-2012 Korea Health Panel Surveys
Dong Hee Ryu, Sin Kam, Young-Taek Doo
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2016; 49(2): 118. CrossRef

Urgent Call for Research on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Korea: Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(4):179-179. Published online July 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.047

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Uncertain future of privacy protection under the Korean public health emergency preparedness governance amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Younsik Kim
Cogent Social Sciences.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Virus—Pathophysiological Axis and the Current Treatment Strategies
Abdullah M Alnuqaydan, Abdulmajeed G Almutary, Arulmalar Sukamaran, Brian Tay Wei Yang, Xiao Ting Lee, Wei Xuan Lim, Yee Min Ng, Rania Ibrahim, Thiviya Darmarajan, Satheeshkumar Nanjappan, Jestin Chellian, Mayuren Candasamy, Thiagarajan Madheswaran, Ankur
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Causes of Child Mortality (1 to 4 Years of Age) From 1983 to 2012 in the Republic of Korea: National Vital Data: Seung Ah Choe, Sung-Il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2014;47(6):336-342. Published online November 7, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.14.024

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Child mortality remains a critical problem even in developed countries due to low fertility. To plan effective interventions, investigation into the trends and causes of child mortality is necessary. Therefore, we analyzed these trends and causes of child deaths over the last 30 years in Korea.
Methods
Causes of death data were obtained from a nationwide vital registration managed by the Korean Statistical Information Service. The mortality rate among all children aged between one and four years and the causes of deaths were reviewed. Data from 1983-2012 and 1993-2012 were analyzed separately because the proportion of unspecified causes of death during 1983-1992 varied substantially from that during 1993-2012.
Results
The child (1-4 years) mortality rates substantially decreased during the past three decades. The trend analysis revealed that all the five major causes of death (infectious, neoplastic, neurologic, congenital, and external origins) have decreased significantly. However, the sex ratio of child mortality (boys to girls) slightly increased during the last 30 years. External causes of death remain the most frequent origin of child mortality, and the proportion of mortality due to child assault has significantly increased (from 1.02 in 1983 to 1.38 in 2012).
Conclusions
In Korea, the major causes and rate of child mortality have changed and the sex ratio of child mortality has slightly increased since the early 1980s. Child mortality, especially due to preventable causes, requires public health intervention.

Summary

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Child mortality of twins and singletons among late preterm and term birth: a study of national linked birth and under-five mortality data of Korea
Young Shin Kim, Minku Kang, Young June Choe, Joohon Sung, Ji Yeon Lee, Seung-Ah Choe
European Journal of Pediatrics.2022; 181(5): 2109. CrossRef

Health Conditions Sensitive to Retirement and Job Loss Among Korean Middle-aged and Older Adults: Susan Park, Sung-Il Cho, Soong-Nang Jang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2012;45(3):188-195. Published online May 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.3.188

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

This study was conducted to examine the association between health condition and leaving the labor market among middle-aged and older adults in South Korea.

Methods

Data was obtained from individuals aged 45 years and older participating in the 2006 and 2008 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. We used various health measures including chronic diseases, comorbidities, traffic accident injuries, disabilit of instrumental activities of daily living, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health. The odds ratios of job loss, and retirement, versus employment were calculated using multinomial logistic regression by each health measure.

Results

In our cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis, health problems related to physical disabilities had the greatest effect on leaving the worksite. A shift in health condition from good to poor in a short period was a predictor of increased risk of unemployment but a persistent pattern of health problems was not associated with unemployment. Women with health problems showed a high probability of retirement, whereas among men, health problems instantly the possibility of both job loss and retirement.

Conclusions

Health problems of middle aged and older workers were crucial risk factors for retirement and involuntarily job loss. Especially functional defect and recent health problems strongly and instanty affected employment status.

Summary

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Kacie Seil, Shengchao Yu, Robert Brackbill, Howard Alper, Junaid Maqsood
American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2021; 64(10): 873. CrossRef
Gender inequalities in poor self-rated health: Cross-national comparison of South Korea and Japan
Shuko Takahashi, Soong-nang Jang, Shiho Kino, Ichiro Kawachi
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Socioeconomic disparities in self-rated health in two East Asian countries: Comparative study between Japan and Korea
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Social Science & Medicine.2020; 253: 112945. CrossRef
Early labor force exit subsequent to permanently impairing occupational injury or illness among workers 50‐64 years of age
Kenneth A. Scott, Qing Liao, Gwenith G. Fisher, Lorann Stallones, Carolyn DiGuiseppi, Emile Tompa
American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2018; 61(4): 317. CrossRef
Predictors and estimation of risk for early exit from working life by poor health among middle and older aged workers in Korea
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Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of job loss on depressive symptoms: The results from the Korean Welfare Panel Study (2007–2013)
Hyo Jung Yoon, Jae Woo Choi, Suk-Young Jang, Sang Ah Lee, Eun-Cheol Park
International Journal of Social Psychiatry.2017; 63(1): 57. CrossRef
The Perceived Socioeconomic Status Is an Important Factor of Health Recovery for Victims of Occupational Accidents in Korea
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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2016; 31(2): 164. CrossRef
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Association between employment status change and depression in Korean adults
Ki-Bong Yoo, Eun-Cheol Park, Suk-Yong Jang, Jeoung A Kwon, Sun Jung Kim, Kyoung-hee Cho, Jae-Woo Choi, Jae-Hyun Kim, Sohee Park
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Kerstin Nilsson, Anna Rignell Hydbom, Lars Rylander
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Kerstin Nilsson
Scandinavian Journal of Public Health.2016; 44(5): 490. CrossRef
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Prevalence of Positive Carriage of Tuberculosis, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in Patients Transported by Ambulance: A Single Center Observational Study: Young Sun Ro, Sang Do Shin, Hyun Noh, Sung-Il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2012;45(3):174-180. Published online May 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.3.174

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

An ambulance can be a potential source of contagious or droplet infection of a community. We estimated the prevalence of positive carriage of tuberculosis (TB), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) in patients transported by ambulance.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study. We enrolled all patients who visited a tertiary teaching hospital emergency department (ED). Blood, sputum, urine, body fluid, and rectal swab samples were taken from patients when they were suspected of TB, MRSA, or VRE in the ED. The patients were categorized into three groups: pre-hospital ambulance (PA) group; inter-facility ambulance (IA) group; and non-ambulance (NA) group. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a multivariable logistic regression model for the prevalence of each infection.

Results

The total number of patients was 89206. Of these, 9378 (10.5%) and 4799 (5.4%) were in the PA and IA group, respectively. The prevalence of TB, MRSA, and VRE infection were 0.3%, 1.1%, and 0.3%, respectively. In the PA group, the prevalence of TB, MRSA, and VRE were 0.3%, 1.8%, and 0.4%. In the IA group, the prevalence of TB, MRSA, and VRE were 0.7%, 4.6%, and 1.5%, respectively. The adjusted ORs (95% CI) of the PA and IA compared to the NA group were 1.02 (0.69 to 1.53) and 1.83 (1.24 to 2.71) for TB, 2.24 (1.87 to 2.69) and 5.47 (4.63 to 6.46) for MRSA, 2.59 (1.78 to 3.77) and 8.90 (6.52 to 12.14) for VRE, respectively.

Conclusions

A high prevalence of positive carriage of TB, MRSA, and VRE in patients transported by metropolitan ambulances was found.

Summary

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Nihon Kyukyu Igakukai Zasshi: Journal of Japanese Association for Acute Medicine.2023; 34(2): 67. CrossRef
Medical transport-associated infection: Review and commentary making a case for its legitimacy
Diego Schaps, Anjni Patel Joiner, Deverick J. Anderson
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.2022; 43(4): 497. CrossRef
Risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) acquisition during ambulance transport: A retrospective propensity-score–matched cohort analysis
Diego Schaps, Andrew W. Godfrey, Deverick J. Anderson
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Annals of Emergency Medicine.2014; 64(3): 299. CrossRef

Trends in Gender-based Health Inequality in a Transitional Society: A Historical Analysis of South Korea: Heeran Chun, Sung-Il Cho, Young-Ho Khang, Minah Kang, Il-Ho Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2012;45(2):113-121. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.2.113

9,542 View
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7 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Objectives

This study examined the trends in gender disparity in the self-rated health of people aged 25 to 64 in South Korea, a rapidly changing society, with specific attention to socio-structural inequality.

Methods

Representative sample data were obtained from six successive, nationwide Social Statistics Surveys of the Korean National Statistical Office performed during 1992 to 2010.

Results

The results showed a convergent trend in poor self-rated health between genders since 1992, with a sharper decline in gender disparity observed in younger adults (aged 25 to 44) than in older adults (aged 45 to 64). The diminishing gender gap seemed to be attributable to an increase in women's educational attainment levels and to their higher status in the labor market.

Conclusions

The study indicated the importance of equitable social opportunities for both genders for understanding the historical trends in the gender gap in the self-reported health data from South Korea.

Summary

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Gyu Ri Kim, Chung Mo Nam, C. Mary Schooling
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FELICIA V. WHEATON, EILEEN M. CRIMMINS
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Trends in Body Mass Index and Associations With Physical Activity Among Career Soldiers in South Korea: Kyoung-Ki Bae, Ho Kim, Sung-Il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2011;44(4):167-175. Published online July 29, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2011.44.4.167

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60 Download
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Abstract PDF

Objective

This study was designed to describe the trends in body mass index (BMI) during 6 years (2002 - 2008) and to identify associations between these trends and the amount of physical activity of South Korean career soldiers.

Method

This study targeted the 40 993 (38 857 men and 2136 women) of the 58 657 career soldiers who had undergone four (2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008) biennial medical examinations conducted by the National Health Insurance Corporation; 17 664 soldiers with missing data on height, weight, and physical activity were excluded. A linear mixed-regression model was used to categorize changes in BMI due to age versus those due to amount of physical activity.

Results

Career soldiers experienced significant increases in BMI compared with baseline data gathered in 2002. The increases in each age group were as follows: men aged 20- 29: 1.16, men aged 30 - 39: 0.61, men aged 40 - 49: 0.05, women aged 20- 29: 0.35, women aged 30- 39: 0.30, women aged 40-49: 0.26, and women aged 50- 59: 0.21. However, men aged 50 or older showed significant decreases (as high as 0.5) in BMI compared with baseline data obtained in 2002. They also experienced significant decreases in BMI compared with those who reported no physical activity. The differences between baseline and final BMIs were: 0.02 for men exercising 1- 2 times per week, -0.07 for men exercising 3-4 times per week, -0.19 for men exercising 5-6 times per week, -0.21 for men exercising seven times per week, -0.05 for women exercising 1- 2 times per week, -0.19 for women exercising 3- 4 times per week, -0.30 for women exercising 5-6 times per week, and -0.30 for women exercising seven times per week.

Conclusions

Obesity in South Korean career soldiers increased markedly between 2002 and 2008, and our data showed that the amount of physical activity was inversely related to increases in BMI. Policies to prevent obesity are needed to reduce this trend.

Summary

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Bb Ni Lee, S W Bae, S Y Oh, J H Yoon, J Roh, J U Won
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